Comparative Pathology of Tuberculosis in Research Models, Domestic and Wildlife Species

Texas Biomedical Research Institute (TxBiomed) has two biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories focused on developing animal models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Researchers at TxBiomed study how Mtb replicates and spreads in vivo using rodent and non-human primate models. TxBiomed veterinary pathologists support the high containment program by performing necropsies and generating data detailing the pathology. Necropsy procedures follow established protocols with whole body assessment, and tissue collection lists similar to necropsies performed in a diagnostic setting. Necropsies are performed inside the BSL-3 laboratory with additional safety measures, including specialized personal protective equipment. Rhesus macaques are experimentally infected with Mtb via aerosol or intra-tracheal inoculation. Systemic pathologic markers of Mtb infection of rhesus macaque models are similar to humans, domestic, and wildlife species. These include the following observable features: granulomatous pneumonia with local and systemic dissemination to other vital organs and disease progression. Necropsy findings are critical for validating the qualities of an NHP research model and assessing the effectiveness of interventional strategies.