It's a Gut Thing I: GI Anatomy, Physiology & Nutrition of Exotic Companion Herbivores - Rabbits, Guinea Pigs & Chinchillas

The Gastrointestinal function of ECM species is complex and dependent on proper nutrition. The anatomy and gastrointestinal physiology of rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas are different than other exotic companion mammals. Having a understanding of the GI anatomy and physiology of ECM species is key to properly educating owners, in addition to treating/diagnosing many common diseases as most we see in clinical practice are directly or indirectly related to nutrition.

The anatomy and gastrointestinal physiology of small herbivores such as rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas are unique when compared to other exotic companion mammals. These species are strict herbivores, classified as hindgut (cecum and colon) fermenters, concentrate selectors, and are designed to ingest large amounts of high fibrous food. Their unique gastrointestinal system, with its rapid transit time and ability to differentiate particulates of fiber, allows them to remain small and active, while surviving on high-fiber, low-energy density plant materials. Gastrointestinal disease in these species is a very common presenting issue in clinical practice. It is often associated with dysbiosis and can present as both primary and secondary disease. In addition the their specific nutritional needs, these species require thoughtful and frequent opportunities for enrichment, as well as safe, species-accommodating habitats and living spaces. While all three species have similar gastrointestinal function and nutritional, enrichment, and environmental needs, there are some unique species traits to consider when advising clients of these unique and intelligent animals.